My New Blog

Hey guys! Check out my new blog, "The Naked Pomegranate," for some discussion of poetry and the archive: http://thenakedpomegranate.blogspot.com/. If you've followed me this far, I hope you will enjoy the continuation of some of the sensibilities I have expressed over the course of "Palabras desde Granada."

Home

I’ve returned, and Granada is behind me—for now. It was hard to say good-bye, so I didn’t, really. To say good-bye is to admit that there’s an end, and I’m not ready to admit that.

It’s been nice to be home for Christmas, to eat comfort food, to sleep in my own bed. But Granada has cast her charm on me, wrapped me in her invisible spider-web threads, never to let go. Alberto, who sold me my boots in the last full week, told me the story about how eighty years ago his grandmother was sick and the doctor told her to move to Cádiz because the sun and climate was better there than on the east coast of Spain where they lived. The family decided to move, and they made an overnight stop in Granada along the way. The following day, his grandmother and grandfather were already in love with the city. They contacted the doctor, who said Granada’s weather wasn’t as good as that of Cádiz, but she would still be exposed to the healthy Andalusian sun. So they stayed in Granada.

The story is a common one. There’s just something about Granada. Maybe it’s the pace of life. Maybe it’s the beauty of the Alhambra. Maybe it’s the beautiful mix of cultures. Maybe it’s that perfect, freshly-picked orange you eat after lunch, or the slick streets the Granadinas navigate in heels, or the flamenco music in the taxi on the way home at night.

At home my mother and I put up our modest Christmas decorations: two nacimientos, papel picado, and several candles. We lined it all with greenery and it finally smelled like Christmas to me. Back at Mamá Ché’s house, the Belén was a huge affair, a feat of carpentry that took up most of the dad’s time in the last weeks, complete with a windmill and a river that lit up. Christmas was new and strange: polvorones instead of chocolate chip cookies, villancicos sung on busy streets instead of Christmas caroling door-to-door. And all the little markets that sprung up in every main plaza, selling artisan wares and miniatures for the Belenes. Every professional one I saw, from the Belén in the cathedral in Sevilla to the Belén in the Ayuntamiento in Granada, depicted a notion of Bethlehem that closely resembled the Albaicín, or some town in the Alpujarra, the mountains on the outskirts of Granada. The little houses were all whitewashed and jutting out of hillsides, hinting at concealed caves.

The Belén in the Ayuntamiento in Granada

A town in the Alpujarra (with pool)

There is no doubt that one day soon I will return to probe again the depths of Granada’s caves, to dance again to the rhythm of that city at once younger, older, and wiser, than any of its inhabitants or visitors, the city that remembers every harried traveler over the centuries who stopped to drink from her fountains and fell forever in love with her.

Happy New Year, readers, and thank you for sticking with me! I hope it has been enjoyable. For now, I have no more "words from Granada," but I'm not going away! Stay tuned and I'll let you know of my further venturings on the blogosphere.

May 2012 bring adventure and excitement to all of our lives.

--Alex

Catalunya

I must apologize to my readers for not having posted for quite a while. It has been three weeks since my trip to Barcelona, which I realized as I rooted for Barça in a bar in the Alameda de Hércules plaza in Sevilla yesterday. In three weeks a lot has happened; three weeks is a long time here, and it is also an incredibly short amount of time. I nearly hyperventilate with the realization that shortly I will be back on my home continent—I could stay here a year, two years, and not do and see everything I want to do and see. But I do not dread the twenty-first of December, when I must fly back, because I know the comforts of family and Christmas await me.

But it’s not over just yet! Here goes my belated post on my weekend in Catalunya.

Catalunya

The day before elections, an old man raises his voice to a fellow passenger on the bus to Parc Güell. Estos politicos, estos politicos. These politicians. Politicians to be replaced by more politicians—is democracy really possible in this system? Maybe the Swiss do have reason to think so highly of themselves. In Switzerland the president rotates all the time, power is constantly turning over, and average citizens are able to make real change. Can citizens make real change in Spain?

In the Barrio Gótico that night I eat Basque tapas in a romantically darkened restaurant with my parents and uncle (who flew into Barcelona from Switzerland). We try one of this, one of that. Ooo, and one more of that. Just one more, and one more, until the toothpicks pile up like small mountains on the countertop, and the waiter counts them up and charges us for each one.

The owner takes a liking to my dad and his brother. We are an intriguing bunch; no one can quite tell where we’re from. Mexico, but also Switzerland and the U.S., we tell him. Soy cubano, he says. Can’t we tell? We try not to hurt his feelings but he has completely lost his island accent. Twenty-odd years of living in Spain will do that to you. My dad needles him about politics, his favorite topic at the moment, besides the Barça game that he couldn’t go to. He doesn’t need to prod much; the Cuban owner opens up and talks about how bad business is, how tourism is what keeps Barcelona alive, how he’s afraid something bad might happen and no one will be able to stop it. He sounds fatalistic, and it is hard to take in the gravity of his words with the taste of perfectly smoked salmon and three different kinds of chorizo lingering on my tongue.

A family walks in and the little boy is wearing a Messi shirt. My dad asks him who won. For some reason, no TVs have shown the game all day. The little boy shies away. “English,” the mother says, but the family really doesn’t understand English either. It turns out they are Swiss, so my uncle talks to them in Swiss German. Barça won, as usual.

The next day no one talks about the elections that are going on. It is as if people are living in a suspended world. This is how the Aztecs must have felt during the five unaccounted-for days of the calendar. Stuck in the limbo of uncertainty, not knowing what will come. How fitting that we spend the day in the museum of the surrealist painter Salvador Dalí in Figueres, alternately expressing awe at the artist’s ingenuity, laughing at the unexpected forms and juxtapositions, and concentrating to find the hidden meaning when a painting or sculpture seems too normal on the surface.

In a taxi that night we find out that the conservative Partido Popular has won a majority of the votes. The taxi driver does not comment, and neither do we. It was to be expected. Crisis and xenophobia is leading all of Europe to contract upon itself, to greedily guard its possessions, to reaffirm its most traditional values. Spain is no different. And Catalunya?

Catalanes consider Catalunya their “país,” their country. They speak a different language, have a different culture. The Partido Popular did not win in Catalunya; here Catalan nationalists were voted into parliament. But of course they are a minority. Since the days of Isabel la Católica, Castilla has been the giant that dictates the course of Spain, with Aragón, Catalunya, and those other pesky provinces—País Vasco and Navarra—following like reluctant and sometimes mutinous squires.

In Girona the day after elections I am glad to have my Catalan friend Pere as a guide. We meet for the first time in a year and a half, and I am reminded that the world is big but manageable, that good-bye never has to be forever. Pere is an excellent guide, telling us about how this cute, well-preserved medieval city was used to film Perfume: The Story of a Murderer, and he also serves as our badge of legitimacy in this semi-foreign country, since we can’t speak Catalan (yet). Whereas Barcelona is more cosmopolitan, Girona is distinctly Catalan. And it is in Girona that we eat a meal to blow our minds and make us fall in love with Catalunya—which, of course, is Pere’s main goal.

Barça is what holds Catalunya and the rest of Spain together, Pere says. I see what he means. Antonio Machado saw Spain as a “Cainist” country, made up of brothers prone to fighting each other to the death. This country still lives in the shadow of the bloody civil war and Franquismo. FC Barcelona has a great cohesive power; its slogan is “més que un club” (“more than a club”). Barça players made up the majority of the national team in the last World Cup when Spain won, and fans in Catalunya and the rest of Spain can feel united in pride when they root for Barça or for the national team.

What kind of unity have these elections brought? I cannot yet say. The newspapers blare headlines and glossy color pie charts of the votes, but the people are quiet. Once again, Spaniards must ask themselves, as the poets have for centuries, What is Spain?

Fall

Two days ago I walked home from class at midday and realized that after three weeks of winter, fall is finally here. One day in late October it poured and the morning after was no longer short-sleeves weather, but rather leather-jacket weather. And in less than two weeks it was wool-coat-and-scarf weather. What had been rain in Granada was snow in Sierra Nevada, so now the Alhambra I set in relief against a backdrop of snowcapped mountains, just like in the postcards.

But two days ago a breeze blew a cloud of delicate yellow leaves off a twiggy little tree, just like a kid would blow the fuzzies off a dandelion, and as I walked down Carrera del Darro, the slippery pedestrian walkway that leads from the plaza where the Feria del Libro is going on (and has supplied me with numerous exciting volumes!) to the fountain just before you get to the Río Genil, I saw that the walkway was lined with not just lampposts but colorful trees glinting in the autumn sun. I’ve missed the fall more than I realized. At Harvard I make detours through the Yard during the fall just to see the happy orange foliage. It seems like this year Boston had its fair share of early winter weather, though. I’m happy to be in a place where I’m pretty sure it won’t get down to Michelin-man-down-jacket weather. I have plenty of that waiting for me in January and February when I go back to Boston in the spring.

Fall is gentle twilight and a reminder of the end to come. My time is short. More than half my time in Granada is up. I guess you could say I’ve been having a sort of mid-study-abroad-life crisis. Juan Ramón Jiménez might have called it

¡Nostaljia aguda, infinita

de lo que tengo!*

There’s a finite number of things I can do and enjoy while I’m here, and I have determined to make the most of every second. Paradoxically, that sometimes means slowing down and not trying to do everything. It means remembering what Socrates said, that “an unexamined life is not worth living.” In life we have to strike a balance between living and examining our lives, between doing and thinking, between seizing the day and cherishing it. For me this is a constant but worthwhile struggle, because my mental health depends on it. And I would argue that everyone’s mental health depends on finding balance—although that balance is different for every person. It’s like finding your center of gravity. It’s something only you can do, and no one can teach you.

It’s like dance, really. In my flamenco class my teacher is forever reminding me not to bounce, to maintain control of my upper body while my feet move and stomp. On Saturday I watched a flamenco performance at La Chumbera and was amazed by the dancer, Yolanda Cortés. Backed by a precise guitarist, raspy voices, and rhythms that beat like a secret crying heart, she stomped out zapateados faster than I’ve ever seen in person and maintained the utmost control of her upper body, so that it barely moved, as if her feet had a life of their own separate from the rest of her body. The performance was a feat of strength and control. If only we could channel that control, bring that level of concentration, that intense mind-body connection, to the way we live our lives.

Certain mystics have been said to levitate. In response to the general skepticism of my Renaissance and Baroque Literature class, my professor decided to show us how much was possible. One student who weighed about 140 pounds sat in a chair and four people tried to lift him by the armpits and knees using two fingers with clasped hands (like when you play “here is the church, here is the steeple”). Of course it didn’t work; he was too heavy, and no one can lift much using just two fingers. Then the professor had those four people create what she called a magnetic field above his head, putting one hand on top of the other, without touching, and then concentrating. Afterwards they had to remove their hands very carefully, one by one, from top to bottom, and try to lift him. He rose over a foot! I could barely believe my eyes. A few days later we did the same demonstration for the two students who had missed class earlier, and I let myself be lifted. So twice I was a direct witness to this craziness. My professor was trying to make the point that if we can lift someone with just magnetic fields and a little bit of concentration, imagine what mystics like Santa Teresa de Jesús and San Juan de la Cruz might have been able to achieve.

I don’t know if levitation is possible, but it is certainly true that concentration and the process of centering allow humans to do greater things than they would otherwise be capable of. The harmony of mind and body, of the tangible and the intangible, creates possibilities. Perhaps I should take up yoga.

My time is short not just here in Granada. Our time is short. Death looms before us, ever-present, the alarm clock that we know will go off, but we don’t know when. Each of us can hear Captain Hook’s alligator ticking away, we know not how far away or near, and in order to live and function we must block it from our minds and just live. But at the same time, we can never fully forget that alligator, nor should we. Its snapping jaws, however distant, are what egg us on and what hold us back in a pulsating dance. It reminds us of the preciousness of life in every moment and pressures us to find that balance, that stability, so that we may enjoy life to the fullest. Because ultimately, what more can we as mortals do, but take this mysterious adventure called Life and make of it the most fulfilling journey possible?

*Poesía, 1917-1923. Juan Ramón Jiménez.

Madrid, Toledo, y Segovia

El viaje que tomé el fin de semana pasado fue uno de esos remolinos turísticos en los que se salta de aquí para allá y se intenta ver todo lo mejor en poco tiempo. Fue buen planeado por el programa, y quisiera pensar que aproveché a lo máximo de las oportunidades para explorar y descubrir. Por el carácter del viaje, he decidido dividir esto en secciones, cosa que me molesta un poco porque rompe el ritmo de la narración. Pero bueno, no puedo imponer un ritmo fluido a una serie de eventos que no ocurrió de esa manera. La forma debe reflejar el contenido, ¿no?

Toledo

Toledo 

Pasear por las calles. Ver las espadas de plata que en un tiempo me parecieron mucho más grandes y estaban a la altura de mi cabeza. Ahora me parecen chucheríaa de turista, pero lucen, como tantas cosas aquí, con el halo del recuerdo infantil. Lucen también las obras de la típica artesanía: finos hilos de oro sobre acero negro para crear un contraste sorprendente con diseños complejos. En principio no me gusta el oro, por sus connotaciones históricas de avaricia y sangre derramada. Pero por alguna razón, hago una excepción para el oro de Toledo. Nunca me quedo a contemplar un altar de oro boquiabierta, pero sí que me puedo quedar media hora en la vitrina de una tienda de Toledo. (Prefiero la plata, especialmente para las joyas; me parece menos chillón y no me hace pensar en Atahualpa. Pero la plata también tiene sus problemas. Cuando nos ponemos joyas de plata, debemos recordar los mineros pobres y enfermos del Perú que enriquecieron los cofre españoles en la época colonial, y los que en el siglo pasado siguieron siendo maltratados como nos cuenta Ché Guevara, y los que en este siglo aguardaron meses bajo tierra en Chile para ser rescatados y convertirse brevemente en héroes internacionales.)

Mi estancia en Toledo concluyó con un verdadero banquete de foie gras, ensalada de perdiz, bacalao, y el mazapán típico de la zona. Me alegré mucho porque hay pocas cosas en la vida que me gustan más que el comer bien. ¡Pobres aquellos que no quisieron ni probar el perdiz! (“Oh my God, there’s no way I’m eating a bird!” Como si jamás hubieran chupado los huesos de un pollo asado.) Me levanté con la satisfacción de haberme agotado caminando en una ciudad bonita y gris.

La Puerta de Alcalá

Madrid

Casi no tengo recuerdos infantiles de Madrid. Es cierto que pasé muy poco tiempo allí, pero también pasé muy poco tiempo en otros lugares pero se me grabaron en la memoria. Lo único que creía acordar era la Puerta de Alcalá, y más por la canción de Ana Belén y Víctor Manuel que por la propia memoria. Y resulta que no se parecía en nada como me lo imaginaba. Madrid es imponente y cosmopolita. Tanta gente. Tantos balcones de mármol. Tantas avenidas grandes. Por su mero tamaño me fue imposible hacerme una buena idea de la ciudad en un día y medio. Lo que más me impresionó fue el Prado.

Allí vi la estatua de Tiziano, Gloria, de Carlos V siendo el valiente héroe y aplastando a los herejes, los musulmanes, los otomanes—todos los que no cabían dentro del marco estricto del catolicismo del siglo XVI. La verdad es que Carlos fracasó y no pudo someter a todos, así que la estatua, replicada en el Palacio Nacional, es una mentira. Y el pobre Carlos lo sabía, mientras veía construir El Escorial donde pronto yacería. La estatua de Tiziano se puede desnudar, y el emperador entonces parece como un dios romano, pero también así se convierte en un ser vulnerable y expuesto. Con razón el museo ha decidido exhibirlo con su armadura puesta. Dejó el traje en el muñeco por así vestir a la leyenda—la historia.

En el Prado también vi Las Meninas, una copia del cual tengo colgado al lado de mi cama en casa, y en el mismo salón vi el retrato de la Infanta Margarita que inspiró el poema “Velázquez” de Rubén Darío. Y por supuesto los cuadros de Goya, encarcelado en la vida y venerado en la muerte.

Después de esa rápida vuelta por el museo, comimos bien y pude devorar todo el jamón serrano y queso manchego que se me antojaba desde hace tiempo. En la casa de Mamá Ché se come muy bien, pero tenía ganas de comer algo bien salado y fuerte.

El Palacio Nacional, que me recordó bastante a Versalles. Todo ese oro chillón, y los tapices finos, y cada centímetro cuadrado decorado de alguna forma, con simbología excesiva. A diferencia de Versalles, el palacio está situado en el centro de la ciudad. Los reyes quedaban mucho más cerca del pueblo llano así, mientras que en Versalles los reyes casi se olvidaban de París. Noté también que este palacio faltaba jardines, pero más tarde vi el Parque del Buen Retiro y me di cuenta de que, aunque no fuera Versalles, sí había jardines reales. En la armería del palacio me quedé mirando las espadas hechas en Toledo. Éstas eran espadas reales, que una vez algún capitán había blandido. La elegancia me cautivó, y tuve que hacer un esfuerzo para acordarme que lo que estaba admirando como una obra de arte en realidad alguna vez había matado.

Mariachis en Puerta del Sol, Madrid

Terminé la estancia en Madrid con música en vivo en un bar no muy turístico que encontró una amiga. La calidad de la música me impresionó, y me pregunté cuántos artistas habrá en este mundo con tanto talento, y tan poco conocidos. ¡Hasta los que tocan en las calles de Madrid son casi profesionales! Se nota que Madrid es más internacional, que como ciudad grande atrae a muchos artistas que quieren sobrevivir de su pasión, que buscan una manera de competir a lo grande. Es demasiado grande y gris para mi.

Segovia

En el camino de Madrid a Segovia atravesamos montañas manchegas con encinas amontonadas en sus colinas. Encinas que en un tiempo le dieron tinta a la pluma de Machado, encinas “con esa humildad que cede / sólo a la ley de la vida, / que es vivir como se puede.”* En Segovia nuestra manada de 31 turistas americanos atasca un callejón y de repente nos encontramos frente a su casa, la casa de don Antonio. ¡Si hubiera más tiempo! Pero por ahora me contento con mirar

desde el otro lado de las rejas

el jardín de ese poeta que me canta

con la voz de Joan Manuel Serrat

cuando no puedo dormir

ese poeta que me encarece

hacer camino al andar*

ese poeta que también buscó belleza en las palabras

cuando se enamoró de las encinas.

En la cumbre el Alcázar es una delicada tiara para la Blanca Nieves, la Bella Durmiente de azul grisáceo recortada del cielo claro del horizonte. Walt Disney la coronó con ese castillo y lo convirtió en su logotipo que se ha quemado en el trasfondo de mi conciencia como una filigrana que se superpone a la realidad imponente de los gruesos muros de piedra. Me parece que Blanca Nieves no tuvo que sacar agua de su pozo mientras cantaba a los aves en technicolor. Me parece que en la época de había una vez, llenaba su balde tranquilamente con el agua del acueducto fuerte y elegante.

Pasear por Segovia es sentirse en esos tiempos de había una vez. Perderse en una visión romántica del medioevo, que es más fábula que historia, que no se cuestiona por temor a inquietar las piedras ancianas, tan precisamente colocadas. Con una mano que me sorprende por ser adulta, toco el acueducto que hace trece años toqué con tanta emoción, y decido una vez más creer en la magia.

Granada de nuevo

En la distancia la vemos, y se va más cerca de lo que es. La Alhambra iluminada de noche, luciendo de oro bruñido, rojizo. Me sorprende que falta más de una hora para llegar a Granada. Por fin llegamos a esta ciudad—un poco ya mía—y regreso a más color. La ciudad es gris como todas las ciudades de España, pero por la Alhambra, por la actividad, por las fuentes iluminadas, por las zapaterías coquetas, tiene algo más. Me quedo con la impresión de que Toledo y Segovia son pueblos de viaje, y Madrid simplemente es un tanto demasiado. Estoy contenta de haber escogido un programa en Granada (y no por las discotecas, que es la razón por la cual la universidad tiene tantos alumnos de Erasmus), donde el ritmo es a mi gusto, las calles son bonitas, y la gente no me deja de levemente sorprender.

*Antonio Machado, “Las encinas,” Campos de Castilla

*Referencia a Antonio Machado, “Proverbios y cantares,” Campos de Castilla; “Cantares,” Joan Manuel Serrat

Mad for Fútbol and Flamenco

This is why I love Spain.

I walk down Gran Vía with my new friend Daichi and we wonder why there are so many police with their cars and motorcycles blocking the way. We get to the big glob of people and it is truly impressive: people standing on the wide sidewalks leaving only a hair of space to walk through, people standing in doorways and high windowsills—any nook and cranny they can find in the ornate stone buildings that line the thoroughfare. Teenage boys are even packed onto the tenuous roof of a bus stop. Everywhere arms raise digital cameras high into the air, all lenses pointed toward the blue bus that has stopped traffic. Barça’s bus, carrying the team whose players smile from watch and candy advertisements all over the country, the gods of fútbol. Granada is playing with the big boys now, so FC Barcelona has to come to Granada to play during the season. And tonight is Granada’s home game.

But I don’t stop to look, much as I would love to snap a photo of Messi or Davíd Villa or Xavi or Piqué. As we walk away, groups of ambling girls realize what’s going on and break into a run to see if they can catch a glimpse of these heartthrobs. But I can’t stop—I can’t be late for my first flamenco lesson!

Daichi leads me down a graffiti-clad street to a red door. The flamenco teacher, Chua, lets us in and lights incense. With a fountain pen she takes down my name. I feel that I have stepped into a little secret as she leads me and the rest of the class (two girls and Daichi) into the room with mirrors. With the familiar shoes on, my feet happily follow this woman’s dark hair and long skirt in the planta-tacón patterns and the golpes. It is like Ballet Folklórico in the Green Room back at school, except in a Spanish that’s completely different from the language(s) we speak there. And the movement of the hips, and shoulders, and arms, and wrists, and hands… is all so different. And when she puts on the music, a solear, I feel the music and its swellings and ebbings like a language in communication with my feet, and while I stumble in the strangeness, I am so relieved to finally begin to dance with to the strains of Andalucía, to finally move my feet and body purposefully to music again. It has been so long since I danced; I hadn’t realized that I was suffering from withdrawal symptoms. Dance has made me whole today in a way that surprised me.

And as I leave to go home, I thank Daichi profusely for introducing me to his teacher, since my attempts at finding flamenco classes have met with little success until now. I talk to him in Spanish because we are in Spain, and because it is our lingua franca since he is from Japan and we cannot default to English. I love that I can come closer to Japan through Spain, and I love that I can come closer to Granada through dance.

Cante de ida y vuelta

They destroyed their temples. They built churches in their place. But the old lived on, and to this day we can peer through stained-glass windows at what was there before.

By the time the conquistadores arrived at Tenochtitlan and spelled its ruin, Spain was already well-versed in the iron art of imposing Roman Catholicism. Today archaeologists scour the Templo Mayor in Mexico City in search of ancient secrets the great cathedral never fully hid. The architects of both the cathedral and the entire colonial system tried to make squares out of circles, and when the whole enterprise began to fall apart at the end of the eighteenth century, Spanish America was left with the twisted remnants of a strange new alloy that coiled upon itself and broke apart, brittle, but inextricably fused in a new substance: an independent land. Since then, Latin America has been searching for the time before the furnace, for the answer to the brokenness, the secrets from the past that will determine future success. The secrets are still alive, in La Virgen de Guadalupe, an incarnation of the goddess Tonantzin, in the muertitos that Mexicans remember on All Saints’ Day. The secrets are there; we need only peer beyond the colored glass and listen to the soul of a language we only think we have forgotten.

The Great Mosque of Córdoba stands as a scarred testimony to the iron rule that shaped the conquistadors’ mindset when they set foot in the New World. Originally a Christian Visigothic church in the seventh century, the building was transformed into a mosque by Abd Ar-Rahman I and his descendants during the time of Al-Andalus, the Islamic empire in Spain. In the thirteenth century, Fernando III of Castilla captured Córdoba as part of the long process of the Reconquista, in which the royalty of Spain exercised their divine right to control the Iberian Peninsula and impose Catholic feudalism. A mosque, then, was not to be tolerated, and so Castilla chiseled a rectangle out of the forest of arches and planted there a cathedral, so ornate and baroque it bewilders the eye. Years later, Hernán Cortés would carve the same wound in the shape of a cross on a Ceiba tree in Mexico. For the Maya, the Ceiba tree is the religious center of the village and indeed the very center of the universe and cosmology. With his sword that day, Cortés raped the Maya, forcing his culture into the very flesh of America, just as the Crown had done to Al-Andalus. Indeed, it was in Córdoba in 1481 that the Reyes Católicos, Fernando and Isabel, decided to conquer Granada. Eleven years later, Isabel held the Alhambra in her left hand and America in her right. Spain seemed solid; not until the reign of Felipe IV in the seventeenth century did the sun begin to set on her empire.

Photo courtesy of Cassandra Paulk

Spain still celebrates this time. October 12^th was a holiday here, just as it was in America. The day has many names, given its problematic nature. In the U.S. it is Columbus Day, and people every year protest, saying that Columbus committed genocide and therefore should not be celebrated. In Mexico some call it El Día de la Raza and celebrate mestizaje and the birth of a new race as a result of the mixing of cultures.¹ In Spain, it is called El Día de la Hispanidad, which connotes the spreading of Spanish culture around the globe, or El Día de las Fuerzas Armadas, celebrating the military might that made this possible. During the years of Franco, it was called El Día de la Raza but it had a different meaning from the one we know on the American continent: Franco meant to celebrate the Spanish race and its diffusion across the Atlantic. And, of course, a Catholic figure provides the most agreed-upon name for the holiday: La Virgen del Pilar, patron saint of Zaragoza where, incidentally, her church was built on the site of a “mozárabe” church; that is, a church of converted Muslims. In any case, the day is a celebration of traditional, Catholic, Spanish values. In Granada, which has the vibrancy and international presence of a city but also the surprising provincialism of a town, a short but ostentatious parade of government authorities and two uniformed bands made its way from the town hall to the cathedral in the morning. In the afternoon, La Virgen del Pilar made her way through the city on the shoulders of suit-clad men who marched to the rhythm of drums that sounded just like Semana Santa. 1492 brought two worlds into contact and changed the course of history, but even now, with planes and Internet, the great Atlantic stretches between us—the great conveyor and translator of cultures whose waters still hide our true selves from one another.

The sun eventually did set on the Spanish Empire. In his poem “Velázquez: La infanta Margarita,” Manuel Machado writes:

Italia, Flandes, Portugal… Poniente

sol de la Gloria, el último destello

en sus mejillas infantiles posa…

Granada is in fact the embodiment of both the glory and the ultimate tragedy of the Spanish Empire. It was here that Boabdil finally surrendered and Europe was officially rid of the heathen forces of Islamic rule, prompting bullfights in Rome as the Spanish pope celebrated. And it was here that Fernando and Isabel asked to be buried. Indeed their bodies lie in the Capilla Real at the center of town. The Capilla is a shrine to glorify the dead rulers of a now-dead empire. The forces of Castilla and Roman Catholicism could not stamp out the tremulous cries of the lands they conquered and reconquered, could not erase memory from the places they invaded, could not silence the music of the people who lived there.

When I entered the great Mezquita de Córdoba, I felt the intensity of the religious construction, and its ancient silence overpowered me. The silence of Islamic geometry and masterful arches coexisting alongside crucifixes and chapels. My first sensation was an acute awareness of being in the universe, as the arches seemed to extend forever, as though reflected in invisible mirrors that faced each other endlessly, like the mirrors of Altamira and Tezcatlipoca that Carlos Fuentes imagines in El espejo enterrado. As I made my way through the forest of arches, the Christian art surprised me and seemed out of place, even as it formed an integral part of the same stoic silence. When I arrived at the cathedral within, I felt disoriented spatially, temporally, and cognitively. Its beauty seemed completely displaced, like a Vera Wang model startled to find herself in a luscious African jungle. It is a relic of the time when Spain painted in oil colors over lands it called canvas, before the canvas rebelled and refused to be a simple backdrop in the work of art and war that was the Spanish Empire.

The dichotomy of the Christian and the Muslim in the Mosque of Córdoba is more jarring than it is in the Alhambra. In the Alhambra, the Spanish Reconquista was content to leave most of the architecture intact and simply add virgins and crosses to facades, with the exception of the Palacio de Carlos V, which usurped a great amount of territory and now stands in full Renaissance splendor, recalling the great monuments of Rome. Because the columns of the Mezquita provide necessary structural support, they crowd right up next to the interspersed Christian structures, hugging the very flanks of the cathedral. The effect is a surprising mirror for the outside world beyond its walls, the many different types of people and cultures that inhabit the Andalucía of the twenty-first century. The mosque lies at the heart of the judería, the traditionally Jewish neighborhood. The Jews may have been expelled in 1492, but they left their living mark on the land they left behind, and their spirit still inhabits the city.

 

Perhaps the greatest mirror for the fine, complex tejido of Andalucía today can be found in flamenco. In the cante jondo that gypsies play at the Mirador San Nicolás while facing the Alhambra at sunset, these aching songs of sinews torn long ago, in the hammering zapateados, in the unsettling but patterned rhythms of the palmadas, we can feel the rushing blood-beat of India, Africa, and Spain, of Jews, Christians, Muslims, and gypsies, and even the red veins of America. Flamenco has evolved orally and so this ever-changing, ever more complex art is at once the most up-to-date and the most ancient manifestation of the character of Andalucía. Exchange with the New World after 1492 brought about cantes de ida y vuelta, songs of coming and going, and I offer these words to Andalucía as my own humble cante de ida y vuelta.

¹Personally, I will not complain about the day off. Contact between two worlds has never been easy, and Columbus, for all his shortcomings and moral imbalances, was ultimately an adventurer who pursued a crazy dream and made it happen, even if he and his successors turned it into a nightmare for the people he encountered (not discovered). He literally sailed uncharted waters, and how many of us can claim as much in this age of pre-packaged vacations and GPS systems?